I am very happy, that I was able to fix both issues.
A new display fixed the issue. An expensive soldering mistake, though I only soldered with 280 degrees Celsius but probably I touched the pin for too long..?
@latigid on was right! It was the cable, I ordered parts for a new one and it worked. Thank you so much @latigid on and @Hawkeye for your support. I will now assemble the unit and request a serial number within the next days. Jippppiiieee!