Hey moogah, there are chips such as the MAX3107 and MAX3100 (or NXP has some dual channel ones which are more economical but slightly more elaborate to program). These allow you to "bit bang" serial UART communication (in this case each MAX310* ==> 1 x bidirectional MIDI In/Out). Part of what makes this possible is the built-in FIFOs on these UART chips. It means you don't need to use up dedicated UART peripherals in the MIDIBox hardware... of course you would have to write some custom code to drive these chips, but once that's done, it would be really easy to add many ports (probably even more than 16!) since MIDI is relatively slow compared to the LPC17 MIDIBox.
As TK also mentioned, this could also be done purely in software of the LPC17 MIDIBox (without even using those UART chips) by cleverly writing an app for MIDIBox (again because LPC17 MIDIBox is fast and MIDI is slow), but the success of such a method will probably depend much more on clever programming (streaming approach, sampling-strategy for the the incoming serial) and might not be feasible (read: fast enough) if you're "super-router" has to do something more than a very basic routing of MIDI events.
The UART chips can ease the processing burden to allow your app to spend more CPU calculating your MIDI routes instead of merely handling the raw serial communication.
Either way, you'd need to write some code that I believe currently doesn't exist for MIDIBox.
Hope this helps...